Reflections on Friendship, Inspired by Aristotle

Friendship is one of the most enriching experiences in life. Over the years, I’ve come to understand that not all friendships are the same — some are fleeting, others are situational, and a rare few are deeply transformative. Reflecting on what friendship means to me, I couldn’t help but think of Aristotle’s timeless wisdom.

In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle describes three kinds of friendships: those of utility, those of pleasure, and those of the good. Friendships of utility are based on mutual benefit; two people come together because they find each other useful. Friendships of pleasure are built around shared activities and enjoyment — the friend you laugh with, celebrate with, and have fun with. But the highest form of friendship, according to Aristotle, is the friendship of the good — a bond formed between people who admire each other’s character, virtues, and goodness.

I first studied Aristotle and the Nicomachean Ethics during my first semester of the PhD. It was a time of intense learning and personal growth, and his reflections on friendship resonated deeply with me. These ideas have stayed with me ever since, quietly shaping the way I see and nurture the relationships in my life.

Looking back, I see friendships that fit each of these categories. Some thrived during a certain phase and faded naturally. Others brought joy and spontaneity but lacked a deeper foundation. And then, there are those rare friendships that feel like a quiet miracle: built on admiration, support, and a shared pursuit of a good life.

Friendship Across Life’s Chapters

Some of my most treasured friendships are with people I have known since I was a baby. These lifelong connections carry a special kind of depth and familiarity. We have witnessed each other’s growth, setbacks, and transformations, creating a bond that feels almost like family — woven through shared experiences and an enduring sense of trust.

Many of my friendships have also been formed through school, in each phase of my life, from early education all the way through my PhD journey. These friendships have been a constant source of encouragement and discovery, growing alongside me through the different seasons of life. One of the most meaningful friendships from this journey began during my master’s degree, when I met someone who would become one of my closest friends. What I enjoy most about our conversations is that they always revolve around ideas and our diverse interests. Every discussion feels like an exploration — of philosophy, art, travel, and dreams — and it constantly reminds me how enriching it is to have friends who inspire curiosity and growth.

Other friendships have emerged through work. Over the years, I’ve had the privilege of collaborating with people who later became mentors — and in some cases, close friends. These relationships grew from shared challenges and achievements, often grounded in mutual respect, trust, and a common vision. The support and wisdom of these friends have shaped not only my career but also my personal growth.

I also have a friend whom I only see once a year, yet our bond feels as strong as ever. Every time we meet, we go out for dinner at a nice restaurant and talk for hours. Our conversations are open and honest, and we share our dreams, our challenges, and the ups and downs of life — from health to relationships to work. That depth and sincerity create a kind of connection that feels timeless. This reminds me that frequency isn’t always what defines closeness — openness and vulnerability often matter more than how often we see each other.

Some of the most meaningful relationships in my life have come from unexpected places. I met some very close friends through our shared love for The Tim Ferriss Show podcast, a common interest that sparked deep, enriching conversations and a genuine connection. These friendships bring happiness, meaning, and psychological richness — perfectly embodying the three dimensions described by Shigehiro Oishi. They have expanded my horizons, supported my growth, and made life more vibrant and fulfilling.

What Deep Friendship Requires

In today’s fast-moving world, where conversations often skim the surface and interactions feel rushed, cultivating deep friendships takes time, patience, and intention. It requires listening not just to words but also to the silences in between. It asks for vulnerability, generosity, and a willingness to grow alongside someone.

Shigehiro Oishi, in his book Life in Three Dimensions, beautifully writes, “In sum, you can evaluate pretty much anything in terms of happiness, meaning, and psychological richness. Academic courses can be happy, meaningful, or psychologically rich courses. Some friends are fun to be with. Other friends are useful and helpful. Other friends help you expand your horizons.” This perspective complements Aristotle’s view: some friendships bring joy, others offer support, and a few challenge and expand who we are. Recognizing these different dimensions allows us to appreciate each friendship for what it brings to our lives.

True friendship, as Aristotle reminds us, is not transactional or shallow. It is a meeting of souls who wish good for one another, not for personal gain, but because they recognize goodness itself. It strengthens us, sharpens our virtues, and enriches our journey through life.

I’m grateful for the friends who have walked with me at different stages, and especially for those few who have become companions of the soul. In a world full of noise, they remind me that friendship remains one of the purest melodies we can share.

The Formula That Changed How I Understand Happiness

For as long as I can remember, I’ve been searching for patterns—shortcuts to clarity, formulas that simplify life’s complexities. One day, after a long walk and a long list of thoughts, I landed on this:

Happiness = Freedom + (Relationships || Play || Help)

At first glance, it looks simple. But like all good formulas, it holds depth.

Let me walk you through what it means to me—and why it’s become a compass I return to again and again.

The Backstory: Something Was Missing

Originally, I hadn’t even considered freedom as part of the equation. I spent a lot of time exploring what made me happy—was it connection with others? Was it joy and spontaneity? Was it the sense of meaning I got from helping people? I experimented with all three: relationships, play, and service.

And yet, something always felt incomplete.

Some days, even surrounded by people I loved, I felt stuck. Other times, even when I was doing something fun or meaningful, there was an underlying tension. Eventually, I realized that what was missing wasn’t external—it was internal. It was freedom. The freedom to choose, to breathe, to be.

I vividly remember the moment the idea began to take shape. I was at an amusement park—surrounded by bright lights, laughter, and entertainment—but I felt profoundly sad. I couldn’t shake the thought: How can I be so unhappy in a place designed to spark joy? That moment triggered a wave of reflection.

This reflection came during a time in my life when I wasn’t feeling particularly happy. I was actively experimenting with ideas and habits to improve my well-being, looking for what truly made a difference. Once I added freedom to the formula, everything made more sense.

Freedom as the Foundation

I believe happiness begins with freedom. Without it, everything else feels constrained.

Freedom can take many forms:

  • Freedom from fear, expectations, or limitations.
  • Freedom to create, rest, express, and explore.

It’s not about being irresponsible. It’s about having autonomy over your time, your thoughts, and your choices. For me, this is the foundation of a meaningful life.

The Three Paths: Relationships, Play, or Help

After freedom, the second part of the formula offers three interchangeable—but equally powerful—paths to fulfillment:

1. Relationships

Some days, happiness looks like a deep conversation with someone who just gets you.

Aristotle called friendship one of the highest goods.

Modern psychology confirms it: real connection—love, friendship, community—is essential to our well-being.

2. Play

Other days, happiness comes from play: laughing, dancing, reading, hiking, getting into flow.

Play reminds me to be present. To be spontaneous. To be free from expectations.

It’s not just for children—it’s for the inner child that still lives in all of us.

Play also introduces what researchers call psychological richness. It’s through play that we often experience novelty, surprise, and perspective shifts—elements that bring depth and variety to life. Whether it’s trying something new, exploring a different idea, or immersing ourselves in creative flow, play expands our inner world. In this sense, my formula isn’t just about feeling good—it also invites us to live richly and curiously.

3. Help

And then there are the days when happiness shows up through purpose—when I’m able to help someone, even in a small way.

Helping reminds me I’m not alone. It makes life feel bigger than me.

As Viktor Frankl said, “Those who have a ‘why’ to live can bear almost any ‘how.’”

Why “||”?

In programming, || means “or.” In this formula, it represents flexibility.

I don’t always need all three. Sometimes just one is enough to bring joy into my day.

One day it’s a walk with a friend. Another day it’s an hour of reading. And other times, it’s simply offering someone a kind word or support.

This “OR” gives me grace. It means I don’t have to chase every avenue of happiness all the time. I just need one.

Two Lenses: The Daily and the Lifelong

Over time, I’ve come to realize that this formula can be viewed through two powerful lenses—each offering a different kind of insight.

The original version:

Happiness = Freedom + (Relationships || Play || Help)

is what I turn to when I need a short-term boost. It’s a gentle reminder that if I’m feeling low or disconnected, I can do just one thing—reach out to a friend, play, or help someone—and it can shift my emotional state. It’s like a daily compass I can check in with.

Then there’s the more refined version:

Happiness = Freedom × (Relationships + Play + Help)

This one speaks to the long game. It reflects the idea that lasting well-being comes from integrating all three elements into a life built on freedom. When they all work together over time, happiness deepens. It’s not just about feeling good—it’s about building a good life.

Both versions have helped me in different ways. One meets me where I am, and the other helps me move toward where I want to be.

Final Thoughts

Life can feel overwhelming. But when I get lost in the noise, I return to this formula.

Happiness = Freedom + (Relationships || Play || Help)

It reminds me to ask:

Am I feeling free?

Am I connecting, playing, or serving in some way?

If the answer is no—then maybe I just need to return to the basics.

This formula doesn’t promise constant joy. But it does help me return to center.